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61
What makes a great state
is its being (like) a low-lying, down-
flowing (stream);--it becomes the centre to which tend (all the small
states)
under heaven.
(To illustrate from) the case of all females:--the female always
overcomes the male by her stillness.
Stillness may be considered (a
sort of) abasement.
Thus it is that a great state, by condescending to small states,
gains
them for itself; and that small states, by abasing themselves to
a great state, win it over to them. In the one case the
abasement
leads to gaining adherents, in the other case to procuring favour.
The great state only
wishes to unite men together and nourish them;
a small state only wishes to be received by, and to serve, the other.
Each
gets what it desires, but the great state must learn to abase
itself.
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